Marriages Families and Intimate Relationships 3rd Edition Williams Sawyer Wahlstrom Test Bank

ISBN-10: 0205717802

ISBN-13: 9780205717804 978-0205717804

Chapter 3: Gender: The Meanings of Masculinity and Femininity

Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Stereotypes are
A) factual characteristics of all groups.
B) exaggerated expectations about a category of people that do not apply to all individuals in the group.
C) based on biological characteristics of groups.
D) rarely formed by groups toward another.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 83
Skill: knowledge

2) The socially learned attitudes and behaviors associated with being male or female are called
A) sex roles.
B) role behaviors.
C) gender roles.
D) expressive roles.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 86
Skill: knowledge

3) Traditionally, men play ________ roles in the family.
A) submissive
B) instrumental
C) expressive
D) instructional
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 85
Skill: knowledge

4) A person who “feels trapped in the opposite sex’s body” and has a sex change operation is a(n)
A) transvestite.
B) hermaphrodite.
C) transsexual.
D) intersexed individual.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 87
Skill: knowledge

5) The type of sexual harassment that doesn’t necessarily have economic consequences is
A) quid pro quo.
B) tangible economic injury.
C) hostile environment.
D) sexism.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 89
Skill: knowledge

6) Male students earn ________ of the “D” and “F” grades in school.
A) 20%
B) 35%
C) 58%
D) 70%
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 99
Skill: knowledge

7) Males account for ________ of high school dropouts.
A) 24%
B) 32%
C) 68%
D) 80%
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 99
Skill: knowledge

8) The belief that males and females act in traditional gender roles is called
A) gender stereotype.
B) gender socialization.
C) sociobiology.
D) cognitive development.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 94
Skill: knowledge

9) According to ________, heterosexual men seek out physically attractive women because they appear to be more healthy and fertile and can provide them with offspring.
A) social learning theory
B) cognitive development theory
C) sociobiology
D) gender schema theory
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 92
Skill: comprehension

10) According to ________ theory, children develop a framework of knowledge about typical male and female behaviors.
A) gender schema
B) gender socialization
C) sociobiology
D) modeling
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 94
Skill: comprehension

11) According to the social learning theory, learning occurs in two ways:
A) reinforcement and modeling.
B) modeling and biological influences.
C) reinforcement and biological influences.
D) imitation and cognitive mental development.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 92-93
Skill: knowledge
12) ________ theory purports that a two-year-old and a seven-year-old child will process gender role information differently.
A) Gender schema
B) Cognitive development
C) Sociobiology
D) Structural-functionalist
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 93
Skill: comprehension

13) Which of the following groups tends to act out traditional gender roles in their families?
A) regular church goers
B) African Americans
C) white, working class
D) A and C are true
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 97
Skill: knowledge

14) When boys play, they tend to emphasize
A) imagination.
B) emotional expression.
C) competition.
D) passivity.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 98
Skill: knowledge

15) Which of the following social agencies influence gender role behavior?
A) family
B) media
C) schools
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 95
Skill: knowledge

16) When little girls care for their baby dolls in response to how they observed their mothers care for their infant siblings, this is an example of ________.
A) social learning
B) role modeling
C) traditional gender roles
D) All of the above are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 92-93; 94; 102
Skill: application
17) According to the U.S. Department of Labor, ________ of physicians and surgeons are male.
A) 51%
B) 68%
C) 70%
D) 89%
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 100
Skill: knowledge

18) Women of traditional backgrounds who are divorced are more likely to experience
A) poverty.
B) increased income.
C) childlessness.
D) increased happiness.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 104
Skill: knowledge

19) The “feminization of poverty” means that
A) single mothers are more at risk for poverty than divorced mothers.
B) both single mothers and divorced women are at risk for poverty.
C) career women after divorce are more at risk for poverty.
D) All of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 104
Skill: comprehension

20) The cultural emphasis on beauty for women in the U.S. is linked to
A) eating disorders.
B) lowered self esteem.
C) loss of value as they age.
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 104
Skill: knowledge

21) In 1919, the women’s movement achieved
A) women’s right to vote.
B) women’s right to equal credit.
C) the end of slavery.
D) passage of the Equal Rights Amendment.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105
Skill: knowledge

22) A ________ is a person born with both male and female sex organs.
A) transvestite
B) transgenderist
C) hermaphrodite
D) transsexual
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 89-90
Skill: knowledge
23) A male-dominated society is called
A) matriarchal.
B) patriarchal.
C) patrilineal.
D) egalitarian.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 90
Skill: knowledge

24) The definition of sexual harassment is
A) unjust discrimination based on a person’s sex.
B) the belief that one sex is innately superior to another.
C) the abuse of one’s position of authority to force unwanted sexual demands.
D) male domination and control of women in the workplace.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 90
Skill: knowledge

25) Feminism in the Western culture originally arose from
A) the Abolitionist movement.
B) Prohibition.
C) the Victorian Era.
D) the success of the Women’s Movement.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105
Skill: knowledge

26) Which of the following is way in which parents socialize their children into gendered roles?
A) using different forms of punishment for sons and daughters
B) providing gender appropriate toys
C) describing the same behaviors of boys and girls in different ways
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 96-97
Skill: comprehension

27) Which of the following groups teaches more independent roles to their daughters?
A) Catholics
B) Hispanics
C) African Americans
D) Asians
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 97
Skill: knowledge

28) Which of the following is considered an expressive role?
A) taking care of the home
B) childcare
C) maintaining family relationships
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 102
Skill: comprehension

29) In school, teachers tend to
A) call on girls more often.
B) discipline boys less harshly.
C) give boys more time to answer.
D) All of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 99
Skill: knowledge

30) Which of the follow occupations has the lowest concentration of female representation?
A) health care office managers
B) claims adjusters
C) registered nurses
D) lawyers
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 100
Skill: knowledge

31) Traditional gender roles
A) are predictable.
B) limit and discriminate against both gender groups.
C) proscribe the responsibilities of each gender
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 101-104
Skill: knowledge

32) ________ is/are a drawback of the traditional female role.
A) Closer attachments with children
B) A sense of connection to the community
C) Dependence on others for happiness
D) Less marital stress
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 104
Skill: comprehension

33) Which of the following criticisms of traditional male roles is true?
A) higher expectations in the workforce leading to increased job-related stress
B) less time for family life
C) less ability to gain child custody in divorce
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 103
Skill: knowledge

34) Feminism in the 1960’s arose in conjunction with
A) the black civil rights movement.
B) the anti-Vietnam war activism.
C) the publication of The Feminine Mystique.
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105
Skill: comprehension

35) The ________ feminist movement promotes a return to traditional gender and family roles.
A) liberal
B) conservative
C) Marxist
D) socialist
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105
Skill: knowledge

36) ________ feminism believes inequality is caused by an unequal division of labor in society.
A) Conservative
B) Lesbian
C) Marxist
D) Liberal
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105
Skill: comprehension

37) A key focus of _________ feminism is on violence against women.
A) psychoanalytic
B) radical
C) lesbian
D) Marxist
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105
Skill: knowledge

38) ________ feminism is concerned with achieving equal rights and opportunities for women.
A) Lesbian
B) Liberal
C) Radical
D) Socialist
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105
Skill: knowledge

39) The branch of the men’s movement that is conservative and wants to maintain male dominance is called the
A) profeminist movement.
B) masculinist movement.
C) antifeminist movement.
D) maninist movement.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 106
Skill: comprehension

40) When women who work have trouble balancing the demands of family and work responsibilities, they experience
A) role strain.
B) role conflict.
C) role expectations.
D) gender ambiguity.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 106-107
Skill: comprehension

41) A person who expresses the cultural characteristic of both males and females is
A) a hermaphrodite.
B) transgendered.
C) androgynous.
D) gender asexual.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 107
Skill: comprehension

42) In the U.S., girls’ games emphasize
A) competition.
B) cooperation.
C) rules.
D) organized roles.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 93
Skill: knowledge

43) How people develop gender stereotypes is emphasized in which of the following theories?
A) gender schema
B) social learning
C) cognitive development
D) Both A and B
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 92-93; 94
Skill: comprehension

44) The median income for women in the United States in 2008 was approximately ________ of men’s median income.
A) 77%
B) 63%
C) 75%
D) 90%
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 104
Skill: knowledge

45) When boys are told, “Big boys don’t cry,” they learn gender roles through
A) role modeling.
B) imitation.
C) reinforcement.
D) cognitive development.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page 92-93
Skill: comprehension

46) ________ are more likely to socialize their children in gender stereotypic ways.
A) Fathers
B) Mothers
C) Both fathers and mothers
D) Neither mothers nor fathers
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 96
Skill: comprehension

47) According to Panel 3.1 on page 86, which of the following traits are considered male traits?
A) content
B) honest
C) receptive
D) rational
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 86
Skill: knowledge

48) American girls are increasingly behaving more like boys, as evidenced by increases in the following behavior(s):
A) equal levels of violence as that of boys.
B) increased drinking as compared to boys.
C) increased drug use as compared to boys.
D) Both B and C are correct.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 99
Skill: comprehension

49) In Panel 3.2 on page 108, which of the theoretical perspectives views women as exploited because of their rigid roles?
A) Structural-Functional
B) Conflict
C) Symbolic Interaction
D) All of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 108
Skill: knowledge

50) Which of the theoretical perspectives on gender assumes that men and women are content concerning the status quo?
A) Structural-Functional
B) Conflict
C) Symbolic Interaction
D) All of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 108
Skill: comprehension

True/False Questions
1) Since the 1990s, the number of male and female characters portrayed in the media has been approximately equal in number.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 83
Skill: knowledge

2) Gender refers to the biological sexual characteristics a person is born with.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 85
Skill: knowledge

3) Fathers tend to give more verbal praise to their children, especially their daughters.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 96
Skill: knowledge

4) Learning by imitation of others’ behavior is known as modeling.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 93
Skill: knowledge

5) Research has revealed that girls are more likely to be called on in class.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 99
Skill: knowledge

6) In the U.S., working women earn half of what men earn.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 104
Skill: knowledge

7) Social learning theory states learning is the result of adapting to our biological influences.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 92-93
Skill: comprehension

8) Mothers tend to be expressive and give affection equally to their sons and daughters.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 96
Skill: knowledge

9) Fathers tend to encourage traditional gender role behaviors in their sons and daughters.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 96
Skill: knowledge

10) Men outnumber women in all wage categories.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 100
Skill: knowledge

11) In 1993 a group known as the Barbie Liberation Organization switched the voice boxes of hundreds of Barbie dolls and G.I. Joe Action figures. The Barbie dolls yelled out phrases such as, “Attack with heavy firepower!” and the G.I. Joes stated, “Let’s plan our dream wedding.”
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 83
Skill: knowledge

12) Fathers tend to act out more expressive roles within the family.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 85-86; 100
Skill: comprehension

13) A person’s sex role identity is their psychological sense of their maleness or femaleness.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 86
Skill: knowledge

14) All feminist theoretical perspectives agree that economic inequality is the primary oppressor of women.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105
Skill: comprehension

15) A hermaphrodite is a person who is born with ambiguous male and female sex organs but is clearly oriented to just one gender role.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 89-90
Skill: comprehension

16) Androgyny describes a person born with the biological characteristics of both sexes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 107
Skill: knowledge

17) Males have advantages of more power and prestige in society; therefore boys experience fewer problems in school socially and academically.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 99
Skill: comprehension

18) In traditional societies men’s physical strength was valued for their food-providing role.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 101
Skill: knowledge

19) Today, divorced fathers have equal chances in court of receiving full custody of their children.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 103
Skill: knowledge

20) Both males and females have the same sex hormones, just in different amounts.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 85
Skill: knowledge

Fill-in-the-Blank
1) The ________ feminist movement has endorsed a return to traditional gender and family roles.
Answer: conservative
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105
Skill: knowledge

2) ________ is the quality of having the cultural characteristics of both males and females.
Answer: Androgyny
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 107
Skill: knowledge

3) ________ is the main male sex hormone, _________ and ________ are the main female sex hormones.
Answer: Testosterone; estrogen, progesterone
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 85
Skill: knowledge